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Time and Frequency Synchronization Techniques for OFDM Systems operating in Gaussian and Fading Channels: A Tutorial
Wu F, Abu-Rgheff MA
Proceeding of the 8th Annual Postgraduate Network Symposium (PGNET) on The Convergence of Telecommunications, Networking and Broadcasting, pp. 263-268, 2007
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The aim of this paper is to survey and compare previous methods for Data-aided timing and frequency
synchronization of OFDM System. In the sequel, we propose a fast and accurate FFT-based frequency offset estimation. The synchronization techniques are examined in Gaussian and Multipath fading environments for comparison. The results of the performance comparison are presented in terms of mean and mean-square error (MSE) obtained by simulations. The timing offset estimator with best performance is chosen for system timing synchronization. The FFT-based frequency offset estimation
method has significantly smaller MSE than others can be performed using the same timing training symbol. Therefore, there is only one training symbol needed as preamble in whole synchronization process.

Wu F, Abu-Rgheff MA